Did they not carry out the death penalty on rainy days from the beginning

death penalty

 

Understanding the Tradition of Avoiding Execution on Certain Days

In ancient times, people in East Asia held a deep reverence for life, leading to the establishment of various days on which executions were avoided. These days were known as "금형일" (Forbidden Execution Days).

 

The Significance of "금형일" in History

During the Goryeo period, specific days were designated as Forbidden Execution Days in the legal system, following the example set by the Tang Dynasty. On these days, not only were executions prohibited, but all forms of punishment and interrogation were also forbidden.

 

Forbidden Execution Days in Goryeo

In Goryeo, the Forbidden Execution Days included the 1st, 8th, 14th, 15th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 28th, 29th, and 30th of each month. These days were revered as "명진재일" (Days for the Heavenly Deity to discern good and evil), during which it was believed that the heavenly deity would judge the actions of people. As a result, the execution of individuals was prohibited to prevent any potential interference with this divine judgment.

 

Expansion of Forbidden Execution Days in Joseon

The tradition of Forbidden Execution Days continued into the Joseon period, with the number of designated days increasing. Birthdays of the king and queen, national ceremonies, and significant funerals were included as Forbidden Execution Days. Additionally, secular holidays and seasonal events, such as the 24 solar terms and days of national significance, were also observed as Forbidden Execution Days.

 

Respect for Nature and Tradition

Furthermore, days with unspecified dates and rainy days were also avoided for executions. It was believed that executing individuals on rainy days went against etiquette, as it was akin to disregarding the solemnity of the occasion. This tradition reflects the cultural reverence for life and the natural world, similar to the modern practice of covering a convict with a white cloth before execution.

 

Customs and Exceptions

During the period between Vernal Equinox and Autumnal Equinox, executions were generally avoided. The time leading up to the Autumnal Equinox was considered a critical period, and decisions regarding executions were carefully considered. Delays in executions were categorized as "대시참" (Awaiting the Appropriate Time for Execution), while immediate executions were termed "부대시참" (Without Awaiting the Appropriate Time for Execution).

Despite the strict observance of Forbidden Execution Days, exceptions were occasionally made for severe crimes or cases involving royal decrees. These exceptions, however, were rare, and every effort was made to uphold the tradition.

In conclusion, the tradition of Forbidden Execution Days in East Asia reflects the deep respect for life, nature, and cultural traditions. This practice, which originated in ancient times, continued into later periods, demonstrating the enduring influence of cultural and ethical values on legal and societal norms.